Modern computing and the web are both enabling and changing how we do science. Using neuroscience as an example, I will highlight some of these developments, spanning a surprising diversity of technologies. I'll discuss distributed computing for data analytics, cloud computing and containerization for reproducibility, peer-to-peer networks for sharing data and knowledge, functional reactive programming for hardware control, and webgl for large-scale interactive experiments. And I will describe several open source projects we and others are working on across these domains. I hope to convey both what we're learning about the brain with these approaches, and how science itself is evolving in the process.