Mechanisms of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Authors | |
Abstract | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation due to a complex interaction of genetic determinants, disruption of mucosal barriers, aberrant inflammatory signals, loss of tolerance, and environmental triggers. Importantly, the incidence of pediatric IBD is rising, particularly in children younger than 10 years. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentation of these patients and highlight environmental exposures that may affect disease risk, particularly among people with a background genetic risk. With regard to both children and adults, we review advancements in understanding the intestinal epithelium, the mucosal immune system, and the resident microbiota, describing how dysfunction at any level can lead to diseases like IBD. We conclude with future directions for applying advances in IBD genetics to better understand pathogenesis and develop therapeutics targeting key pathogenic nodes. |
Year of Publication | 2016
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Journal | Annu Rev Immunol
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Volume | 34
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Pages | 31-64
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Date Published | 2016 May 20
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ISSN | 1545-3278
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URL | |
DOI | 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112151
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PubMed ID | 27168239
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Links | |
Grant list | P30 DK043351 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
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