Discovery and optimization of piperazine-1-thiourea-based human phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
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Abstract | Proliferating cells, including cancer cells, obtain serine both exogenously and via the metabolism of glucose. By catalyzing the first, rate-limiting step in the synthesis of serine from glucose, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) controls flux through the biosynthetic pathway for this important amino acid and represents a putative target in oncology. To discover inhibitors of PHGDH, a coupled biochemical assay was developed and optimized to enable high-throughput screening for inhibitors of human PHGDH. Feedback inhibition was minimized by coupling PHGDH activity to two downstream enzymes (PSAT1 and PSPH), providing a marked improvement in enzymatic turnover. Further coupling of NADH to a diaphorase/resazurin system enabled a red-shifted detection readout, minimizing interference due to compound autofluorescence. With this protocol, over 400,000 small molecules were screened for PHGDH inhibition, and following hit validation and triage work, a piperazine-1-thiourea was identified. Following rounds of medicinal chemistry and SAR exploration, two probes (NCT-502 and NCT-503) were identified. These molecules demonstrated improved target activity and encouraging ADME properties, enabling in vitro assessment of the biological importance of PHGDH, and its role in the fate of serine in PHGDH-dependent cancer cells. This manuscript reports the assay development and medicinal chemistry leading to the development of NCT-502 and -503 reported in Pacold et al. (2016). |
Year of Publication | 2018
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Journal | Bioorg Med Chem
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Volume | 26
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Issue | 8
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Pages | 1727-1739
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Date Published | 2018 05 01
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ISSN | 1464-3391
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DOI | 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.016
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PubMed ID | 29555419
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PubMed Central ID | PMC5891386
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Grant list | K22 CA212059 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
R01 CA103866 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
R01 CA129105 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
R37 AI047389 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States
HHMI / Howard Hughes Medical Institute / United States
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