CRISPR/Cas9 Screens Reveal Requirements for Host Cell Sulfation and Fucosylation in Bacterial Type III Secretion System-Mediated Cytotoxicity.

Cell Host Microbe
Authors
Abstract

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) inject bacterial effector proteins into host cells and underlie the virulence of many gram-negative pathogens. Studies have illuminated bacterial factors required for T3SS function, but the required host processes remain largely undefined. We coupled CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology with the cytotoxicity of two Vibrio parahaemolyticus T3SSs (T3SS1 and T3SS2) to identify human genome disruptions conferring resistance to T3SS-dependent cytotoxicity. We identity non-overlapping genes required for T3SS1- and T3SS2-mediated cytotoxicity. Genetic ablation of cell surface sulfation reduces bacterial adhesion and thereby alters the kinetics of T3SS1-mediated cytotoxicity. Cell surface fucosylation is required for T3SS2-dependent killing, and genetic inhibition of fucosylation prevents membrane insertion of the T3SS2 translocon complex. These findings reveal the importance of ubiquitous surface modifications for T3SS function, potentially explaining the broad tropism of V. parahaemolyticus, and highlight the utility of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to discover processes underlying host-pathogen interactions.

Year of Publication
2016
Journal
Cell Host Microbe
Volume
20
Issue
2
Pages
226-37
Date Published
2016 Aug 10
ISSN
1934-6069
DOI
10.1016/j.chom.2016.06.010
PubMed ID
27453484
PubMed Central ID
PMC4982808
Links
Grant list
F31 AI120665 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States
R37 AI042347 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States
Howard Hughes Medical Institute / United States