Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR-Cas systems.
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Abstract | Adaptive immunity had been long thought of as an exclusive feature of animals. However, the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas defense system, present in almost half of prokaryotic genomes, proves otherwise. Because of the everlasting parasite-host arms race, CRISPR-Cas has rapidly evolved through horizontal transfer of complete loci or individual modules, resulting in extreme structural and functional diversity. CRISPR-Cas systems are divided into two distinct classes that each consist of three types and multiple subtypes. We discuss recent advances in CRISPR-Cas research that reveal elaborate molecular mechanisms and provide for a plausible scenario of CRISPR-Cas evolution. We also briefly describe the latest developments of a wide range of CRISPR-based applications. |
Year of Publication | 2016
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Journal | Science
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Volume | 353
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Issue | 6299
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Pages | aad5147
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Date Published | 2016 Aug 05
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ISSN | 1095-9203
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DOI | 10.1126/science.aad5147
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PubMed ID | 27493190
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Grant list | 1R01-MH110049 / MH / NIMH NIH HHS / United States
5DP1-MH100706 / DP / NCCDPHP CDC HHS / United States
5R01DK097768-03 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
Intramural NIH HHS / United States
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