This is draft release 1 for genome-wide SNP genotyping and targeted sequencing in DNA samples from a variety of human populations (sometimes referred to as the "HapMap 3" samples).
This release contains the following data:
SNP genotype data generated from 1115 samples, collected using two platforms: the Illumina Human1M (by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) and the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 (by the Broad Institute). Data from the two platforms have been merged for this release.
PCR-based resequencing data (by Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center) across ten 100-kb regions (collectively referred to as "ENCODE 3") in 712 samples.
Since this is a draft release, we ask you to check this site regularly for updates and new releases.
The HapMap 3 sample collection comprises 1,301 samples (including the original 270 samples used in Phase I and II of the International HapMap Project) from 11 populations, listed below alphabetically by their 3-letter labels. For more information about these samples, click here.
Five of the ten ENCODE 3 regions overlap with the HapMap-ENCODE regions; the other five are regions selected at random from the ENCODE target regions (excluding the 10 HapMap-ENCODE regions). All ENCODE 3 regions are 100-kb in size, and are centered within each respective ENCODE region. Read more about the ENCODE project here.
region
chromosome
coordinates (NCBI build 36)
status
ENm010
7
27,124,046-27,224,045
HapMap-ENCODE
ENr321
8
119,082,221-119,182,220
HapMap-ENCODE
ENr232
9
130,925,123-131,025,122
HapMap-ENCODE
ENr123
12
38,826,477-38,926,476
HapMap-ENCODE
ENr213
18
23,919,232-24,019,231
HapMap-ENCODE
ENr331
2
220,185,590-220,285,589
New
ENr221
5
56,071,007-56,171,006
New
ENr233
15
41,720,089-41,820,088
New
ENr313
16
61,033,950-61,133,949
New
ENr133
21
39,444,467-39,544,466
New
Data Content Of This Release
A. SNP Genotype Data
label
number of samples
number of QC+ SNPs
number of polymorphic QC+ SNPs
ASW
71
1632186
1536247
CEU
162
1634020
1403896
CHB
82
1637672
1311113
CHD
70
1619203
1270600
GIH
83
1631060
1391578
JPT
82
1637610
1272736
LWK
83
1631688
1507520
MEX
71
1614892
1430334
MKK
171
1621427
1525239
TSI
77
1629957
1393925
YRI
163
1634666
1484416
consensus
1115
1525445
1490422
B. PCR Resequencing Data
label
number of samples
ASW
55
CEU
119
CHB
90
CHD
30
GIH
60
JPT
91
LWK
60
MEX
27
MKK
0
TSI
60
YRI
120
total
712
Quality Control For This Release
A. SNP Genotype Data
Genotyping concordance between the two platforms was 0.9931 (computed over 249889 overlapping SNPs). Data from the two platforms was merged using PLINK (--merge-mode 1), keeping only genotype calls if there is consensus between non-missing genotype calls (that is, merged genotype is set to missing if the two platforms give different, non-missing calls).
Quality control at the individual level was performed separately by the two sites. Only individuals with genotype data on both platforms were kept in this release. The following criteria were used to keep SNPs in the QC+ data sets:
Hardy-Weinberg p>0.000001 (per population)
missingness <0.05 (per population)
<3 Mendel errors (per population; only applies to YRI, CEU, ASW, MEX, MKK)
SNP must have a rsID and map to a unique genomic location
The "consensus" data set contains data for 1115 individuals (558 males, 557 females; 924 founders and 191 non-founders), only keeping SNPs that passed QC in all populations (overall call rate is 0.998). The "consensus|polymorphic" data set has 35023 monomorphic SNPs (across the entire data set) removed.
In all genotype files, alleles are expressed as being on the (+/fwd) strand of NCBI build 36.
B. PCR Resequencing Data
The sequence-based variant calls were generated by tiling with PCR primer sets spaced approximately 800 bases apart across the ENCODE 3 regions. Following filtering low-quality reads the data were analyzed with SNP Detector version 3, for polymorphic site discovery and individual genotype calling. Various QC filters were then applied. Specifically, we filtered out PCR amplicons with too many SNPs, and SNPs with discordant allele calls in mutliple amplicons. We also filtered out SNPs with low completeness in samples, or with too many conflicting genotype calls in two different strands.
In the QC+ data set, we filtered out samples with low completeness, and filtered out SNPs with low call rate in each population (<80%) and not in HWE (p<0.001). In the QC+ data set, the overall false positive rate is ~3.2%, based on a limited number of validation assays.
Caveats In This Release
A. SNP Genotype Data
Missing from this release are Illumina SNPs that are A/T or C/G due to strandedness issues.
Missing from this release are Illumina SNPs that are mitochondrial (as they do not have rsIDs).
There may be few remaining SNPs (Illumina) in this release that are still on (-/rev) strand of NCBI build 36, but they are not A/T or C/G SNPs, so easy to identify downstream.
B. PCR Resequencing Data
All variant calls have not yet been validated: we estimate that there is currently a false positive rate of ~12% among all calls, with a slightly higher rate (~14%) if considering just the singletons. Additional validation is ongoing. PCR sequencing of additional samples (MKK) is also ongoing.
bcm-encode3-QC.txt - QC+ genotypes of 6,223 SNPs sites by 692 samples [9 MB]
Analysis Plans
Listed below are the analysis plans that we are currently pursuing:
SNP allele frequency estimation
Population differentiation
Linkage disequilibrium analysis
SNP tagging
Imputation efficiency
Genomic locations of human CNVs
Genotypes for CNVs
Population genetic properties of CNVs (allele frequencies, population differentiation, etc.)
Mutation rate (frequency of de novo CNV) and potential mutational mechanisms
Linkage disequilibrium properties of CNVs
Tagging and imputation of CNVs
Signals of selection around CNVs
Association of SNPs and CNVs with expression phenotypes
Data Release Policy
The release of pre-publication data from large resource-generating scientific projects was the subject of a meeting held in January 2003, the "Fort Lauderdale" meeting. An NHGRI policy statement based on the outcome of the meeting is on the NHGRI web site (http://www.genome.gov/10506537).
The recommendations of the Fort Lauderdale meeting address the roles and responsibilities of data producers, data users, and funders of "community resource projects", with the aim of establishing and maintaining an appropriate balance between the interests of data users in rapid access to data and the needs of data producers to receive recognition for their work. The conclusion of the attendees at the meeting was that responsible use of the data is necessary to ensure that first-rate data producers will continue to participate in such projects and produce and quickly release valuable large-scale data sets. "Responsible use" was defined as allowing the data producers to have the opportunity to publish the initial global analyses of the data, as articulated at the outset of the project. Doing so also will ensure that the data generated are fully described.