Genes with promoter regions [-2kb,2kb] around transcription start site containing the motif NGGGGGCGGGGYN which matches annotation for SP1: Sp1 transcription factor
Full description or abstract
XX XX XX FA Sp1 XX SY Sp1; simian-virus-40-protein-1. XX OS human, Homo sapiens OC eukaryota; animalia; metazoa; chordata; vertebrata; tetrapoda; mammalia; OC eutheria; primates XX XX CL C0001; CH; 2.3.1.0.2. XX SZ >696 AA; 105+95 kDa (SDS) XX XX SC translated from EMBL #J03133 XX FT 57 162 Q-rich region (23/106), domain A [52], necessary for FT synergistic activation [4]. FT 67 124 PS50322; GLN_RICH_1. FT 263 405 Q-rich region (39/143), domain B, important for FT multimerization [52]. FT 263 391 PS50322; GLN_RICH_2. FT 304 485 important for direct interaction with Oct-1 [3]. FT 471 537 charged region, domain C [52]; essential for synergistic DNA FT binding along with SREBP-1 [4]. FT 537 561 PF00096; zf-C2H2. FT 537 561 SM00355; ZnF_C2H2. FT 539 561 zinc finger 1. FT 539 696 interaction with YY1 [9]. FT 567 591 PF00096; zf-C2H2. FT 567 591 SM00355; ZnF_C2H2. FT 569 591 zinc finger 2. FT 597 619 SM00355; ZnF_C2H2. FT 597 619 PF00096; zf-C2H2. FT 599 619 zinc finger 3. FT 620 696 domain D, required for synergism [20] [4]. XX SF Q-rich activation domain may mediate self-aggregation [7]; SF S/T-rich stretch [6]; SF base contacts arise from the second and the third zinc fingers [10]; SF Zn2+ can be substituted for Cd2+, Co2+, less favourable: Mn2+, Ni2+; SF thionein inhibits DNA-binding; SF Kd 0.41-0.53 nM; SF t1/2 for binding to and dissociation from DNA < 1 min; SF phosphorylation (DNA-dependent protein kinase); SF homology to factors SP3 and SP4 [12]; SF possibly glycosylated [8]; SF interacts with NF-kappaB by its trans-acting domain when bound to an SF adjacent site [6]; SF interacts secies-specifically with human, but not with Drosophila TFIID SF complex [2]; XX CP (HeLa); ubiquitous [14] XX FF multimerization leads to superactivation; FF effect of Sp1-sites depends on distance to TATA-box [22]; FF synergistically cooperates with E2 at BPV promoters [17]; FF highly specific cooperation with NF-kappaB [6]; FF binding inhibited by formation of triple-stranded structures [13]; FF binds to its site even when reconstituted into nucleosome cores [7]; FF affinity for nucleosomal DNA is reduced relative to naked DNA [7]; XX IN T00205; E2; BPV-1, bovine papilloma virus type 1. IN T00590; NF-kappaB; human, Homo sapiens. IN T02375; NS-1; MVM(p), minute virus of mice. IN T01486; p107; human, Homo sapiens. IN T00759; Sp1; human, Homo sapiens. IN T02121; TAF(II)110; fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. IN T02328; TAF(II)135; human, Homo sapiens. IN T00782; TAF(II)55; human, Homo sapiens. IN T00794; TBP; human, Homo sapiens. IN T00795; TBP; fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. IN T00796; TBP; mouse, Mus musculus. IN T00797; TBP; fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. IN T00798; TBP; yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. IN T02399; Vpr; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1. IN T00915; YY1; human, Homo sapiens. XX XX XX XX RN [1]; RE0006859. RX MEDLINE; 98108022. RA Emami K. H., Burke T. W., Smale S. T. RT Sp1 activation of a TATA-less promoter requires a species-specific RT interaction involving transcription factor IID RL Nucleic Acids Res. 26:839-846 (1998). RN [2]; RE0006858. RX MEDLINE; 98088918. RA Ton-That H., Kaestner K. H., Shields J. M., Mahatanankoon C. S., Yang V. W. RT Expression of the gut-enriched Krueppel-like factor gene during development RT and intestinal tumorigenesis RL FEBS Lett. 419:239-243 (1997). RN [3]; RE0006546. RX MEDLINE; 96251075. RA Stroem A.-C., Forsberg M., Lillhager P., Westin G. RT The transcription factors Sp1 and Oct-1 interact physically to regulate RT human U2 snRNA gene expression RL Nucleic Acids Res. 24:1981-1986 (1996). RN [4]; RE0006739. RX MEDLINE; 95320223. RA Yieh L., Sanchez H. B., Osborne T. F. RT Domains of transcription factor Sp1 required for synergistic activation RT with sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 of low density lipoprotein RT receptor promoter RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:6102-6106 (1995). RN [5]; RE0001710. RX MEDLINE; 94158831. RA Emili A., Greenblatt J., Ingles C. J. RT Species-specific interaction of the glutamine-rich acitvation domains of RT Sp1 with the TATA box-binding protein RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1582-1593 (1994). RN [6]; RE0006654. RX MEDLINE; 95098605. RA Majello B., de Luca P., Hagen G., Suske G., Lania L. RT Different members of the Sp1 multigene family exert opposite RT transcriptional regulation of the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 RL Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4914-4921 (1994). RN [7]; RE0006663. RX MEDLINE; 94171813. RA Li B., Adams C. C., Workman J. L. RT Nucleosome binding by the constitutive transcription factor Sp1 RL J. Biol. Chem. 269:7756-7763 (1994). RN [8]; RE0006574. RX MEDLINE; 93314966. RA Geiser A. G., Busam K. J., Kim S.-J., Lafyatis R., O'Reilly M. A., Webbink RA R., Roberts A. B., Sporn M. B. RT Regulation of the transforming growth factor-beta1 and -beta3 promoters by RT transcription factor Sp1 RL Gene 129:223-228 (1993). RN [9]; RE0006591. RX MEDLINE; 93317640. RA Lee J.-S., Galvin K. M., Shi Y. RT Evidence for physical interaction between the zinc-finger transcription RT factors YY1 and Sp1 RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6145-6149 (1993). RN [10]; RE0006637. RX MEDLINE; 93356835. RA Nagaoka M., Kuwahara J., Sugiura Y. RT Alteration of DNA binding specificity by nickel (II) substitution in three RT zinc (II) fingers of transcription factor Sp1. RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194:1515-1520 (1993). RN [11]; RE0002242. RX MEDLINE; 92366166. RA Chen X., Azizkhan J. C., Lee D. C. RT The binding of transcription factor SP1 to multiple sites is required for RT maximal expression from the rat transforming growth factor alpha promoter RL Oncogene 7:1805-1815 (1992). RN [12]; RE0006538. RX MEDLINE; 93087156. RA Hagen G., Muller S., Beato M., Suske G. RT Cloning by recognition site screening of two novel GT box binding proteins: RT a familiy of Sp1 related genes RL Nucleic Acids Res. 20:5519-5525 (1992). RN [13]; RE0006549. RX MEDLINE; 92283818. RA Gee J. E., Blume S., Snyder R. C., Ray R., Miller D. M. RT Triplex formation prevents Sp1 binding to the dihydrofolate resuctase RT promoter RL J. Biol. Chem. 267:11163-11167 (1992). RN [14]; RE0006565. RX MEDLINE; 92307657. RA Avraham K. B., Prezioso V. R., Chen W. S., Lai E., Sladek F. M., Zhong W., RA Darnell jr J. E., Jenkins N. A., Copeland N. G. RT Murine Chromosomal Location of Four Hepatocyte-Enriched Transcription RT Factors: HNF-3alpha, HNF-3beta, HNF-3gamma, and HNF-4 RL Genomics 13:264-268 (1992). RN [15]; RE0000010. RX MEDLINE; 91151370. RA Thiesen H.-J., Schroeder B. RT Amino acid substitutions in the Sp1 zinc finger domain alter the DNA RT binding affinity to cognate Sp1 target site RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175:333-338 (1991). RN [16]; RE0000011. RX MEDLINE; 91222214. RA Thiesen H.-J., Bach C. RT Transition metals modulate DNA-protein interactions of Sp1 zinc finger RT domains with its cognate target site RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 176:551-557 (1991). RN [17]; RE0000237. RX MEDLINE; 91208686. RA Li R., Knight J. D., Jackson S. P., Tijan R., Botchan M. R. RT Direct interaction between Sp1 and the BPV Enhancer E2 protein mediates RT synergistic activation of transcription RL Cell 65:493-505 (1991). RN [18]; RE0000581. RX MEDLINE; 91160740. RA Zeng J., Heuchel R., Schaffner W., Kaegi J. H. R. RT Thionein (apometallothionein) can modulate DNA binding and transcription RT activation by zinc finger containing factor Sp1 RL FEBS Lett. 279:310-312 (1991). RN [19]; RE0000693. RX MEDLINE; 91224491. RA Su W., Jackson S., Tjian R., Echols H. RT DNA looping between site for transcriptional activation: self-association RT of DNA-bound Sp1 RL Genes Dev. 5:820-826 (1991). RN [20]; RE0000707. RX MEDLINE; 91357479. RA Pascal E., Tjian R. RT Different activation domains of Sp1 govern formation of multimers and RT mediate transcriptional synergism RL Genes Dev. 5:1646-1656 (1991). RN [21]; RE0000708. RX MEDLINE; 91224491. RA Su W., Jackson S., Tjian R., Echols H. RT DNA looping between site for transcriptional activation: self-association RT of DNA-bound Sp1 RL Genes Dev. 5:820-826 (1991). RN [22]; RE0000929. RX MEDLINE; 92041874. RA Segal R., Berk A. J. RT Promoter activity and distance constraints of one versus two Sp1 binding RT sites RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:20406-20411 (1991). RN [23]; RE0001001. RX MEDLINE; 91250433. RA Kagawa N., Waterman M. R. RT Evidence that an adrenal-specific nuclear protein regulates the cAMP RT responsiveness of the human CYP21B (P450C21) gene RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:11199-11204 (1991). RN [24]; RE0001013. RX MEDLINE; 91139695. RA Araki E., Murakami T., Shirotani T., Kanai F., Shinohara Y., Shimada F., RA Mori M., Shichiri M., Ebina Y. RT A cluster of four Sp1 binding sites required for efficient expression of RT the human insulin receptor gene RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:3944-3948 (1991). RN [25]; RE0001022. RX MEDLINE; 91224987. RA Yu C.-Y., Motamed K., Chen J., Bailey A. D., Shen C.-K. J. RT The CACC box upstream of human embryonic epsilon globin gene binds Sp1 and RT is a functional promoter element in vitro and in vivo RL J. Biol. Chem. 266:8907-8915 (1991). RN [26]; RE0001495. RX MEDLINE; 91172208. RA Saffer J. D., Jackson S. P., Annarella M. B. RT Developmental expression of Sp1 in the mouse RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2189-2199 (1991). RN [27]; RE0001611. RX MEDLINE; 91172211. RA Spanopoulou E., Giguere V., Grosveld F. RT The functional domains of the murine Thy-1 gene promoter RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2216-2228 (1991). RN [28]; RE0001615. RX MEDLINE; 91172179. RA Anderson G. M., Freytag S. O. RT Synergistic activation of a human promoter in vivo by transcription factor RT Sp1 RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:1935-1943 (1991). RN [29]; RE0001890. RX MEDLINE; 91095025. RA Nardelli J., Gibson T. J., Vesque C., Charnay P. RT Base sequence discrimination by zinc-finger DNA-binding domains RL Nature 349:175-178 (1991). RN [30]; RE0002428. RX MEDLINE; 91288526. RA Mastrangelo I. A., Courey A. J., Wall J. S., Jackson S. P., Hough P. V. C. RT DNA looping and Sp1 multimer links: a mechanism for transcriptional RT synergism and enhancement RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:5670-5674 (1991). RN [31]; RE0002466. RX MEDLINE; 91142131. RA Dou Q.-P., Fridovich-Keil J. L., Pardee A. B. RT Inducible proteins binding to the murine thymidine kinase promoter in late RT G1/S phase RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1157-1161 (1991). RN [32]; RE0000182. RX MEDLINE; 91004214. RA Jackson S. P., MacDonald J. J., Lees-Miller S., Tjian R. RT GC box binding induces phosphorylation by a DNA-dependent protein kinase RL Cell 63:155-165 (1990). RN [33]; RE0000197. RX MEDLINE; 91004214. RA Jackson S. P., MacDonald J. J., Lees-Miller S., Tjian R. RT GC box binding induces phosphorylation by a DNA-dependent protein kinase RL Cell 63:155-165 (1990). RN [34]; RE0000691. RX MEDLINE; 91065526. RA Sartorelli V., Webster K. A., Kedes L. RT Muscle-specific expression of the cardiac alpha-actin gene requires MyoD1, RT CArG-box binding factor, and Sp1 RL Genes Dev. 4:1811-1822 (1990). RN [35]; RE0000692. RX MEDLINE; 90299136. RA Saffer J. D., Jackson S. P., Thurston S. J. RT SV40 stimulates expression of the trans-acting factor Sp1 at the mRNA level RL Genes Dev. 4:659-666 (1990). RN [36]; RE0000988. RX MEDLINE; 91056103. RA Boyer T. G., Maquat L. E. RT Minimal sequence and factor requirements for the initiation of RT transcription from an atypical, TATATAA box-containing housekeeping promoter RL J. Biol. Chem. 265:20524-20532 (1990). RN [37]; RE0001271. RX MEDLINE; 90205866. RA Lemaigre F. P., Lafontaine D. A., Courtois S. J., Durviaux S. M., Rousseau RA G. G. RT Sp1 can displace GHF-1 from its distal binding site and stimulate RT transcription from the growth hormone gene promoter RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1811-1814 (1990). RN [38]; RE0001437. RX MEDLINE; 90097868. RA Sykes K., Kaufman R. RT A Naturally Occurring Gamma Globin Gene Mutation Enhances SP1 Binding RT Activity RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:95-102 (1990). RN [39]; RE0002113. RX MEDLINE; 90287694. RA Thiesen H.-J., Bach C. RT Target detection assay (TDA): a versatile procedure to determine DNA RT binding sites as demonstrated on SP1 protein RL Nucleic Acids Res. 18:3202-3209 (1990). RN [40]; RE0000196. RX MEDLINE; 90075227. RA Courey A. J., Holtzman D. A., Jackson S. P., Tjian R. RT Synergistic activation by the glutamine-rich domains of human transcription RT factor Sp1 RL Cell 59:827-836 (1989). RN [41]; RE0000883. RX MEDLINE; 90037078. RA Kim S.-J., Denhez F., Kim K. Y., Holt J. T., Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B. RT Activation of the Second Promoter of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 RT Gene by Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 and Phorbol Ester Occurs through RT the Same Target Sequences RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:19373-19378 (1989). RN [42]; RE0000899. RX MEDLINE; 89340553. RA Evans M. J., Scarpulla R. C. RT Interaction of Nuclear Factors with Multiple Sites in the Somatic RT Cytochrome c Promoter RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:14361-14368 (1989). RN [43]; RE0001025. RX MEDLINE; 89278150. RA Miralles V. J., Cortes P., Stone N., Reinberg D. RT The adenovirus inverted terminal repeat functions as an enhancer in a RT cell-free system RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:10763-10772 (1989). RN [44]; RE0001374. RX MEDLINE; 90014780. RA Gustafson T. A., Kedes L. RT Identification of Multiple Proteins That Interact with Functional Regions RT of the Human Cardiac alpha-Actin Promoter RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3269-3283 (1989). RN [45]; RE0001375. RX MEDLINE; 90014783. RA Schmidt M. C., Zhou Q., Berk A. J. RT Sp1 Activates Transcription without Enhancing DNA-Binding Activity of the RT TATA Box Factor RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:3299-3307 (1989). RN [46]; RE0001383. RX MEDLINE; 89384647. RA Morgan W. D. RT Transcriptional Factor Sp1 Binds to and Activates a Human hsp70 Gene RT Promoter RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4099-4104 (1989). RN [47]; RE0002041. RX MEDLINE; 89240024. RA Letovsky J., Dynan W. S. RT Measurement of the binding of transcription factor Sp1 to a single GC box RT recognition sequence RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:2639-2653 (1989). RN [48]; RE0002053. RX MEDLINE; 90067825. RA Hughes M. J., Jost J.-P. RT The ubiquitous nuclear protein, NHP1, binds with high affinity to different RT sequences of the chicken vitellogenin II gene RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:8511-8520 (1989). RN [49]; RE0002066. RX MEDLINE; 90098860. RA Ben-Hattar J., Beard P., Jiricny J. RT Cytosine methylation in CTF and Sp1 recognition sites of an HSV tk RT promoter: effects on transcription in vivo and on factor binding in vitro RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:10179-10190 (1989). RN [50]; RE0002067. RX MEDLINE; 90098865. RA Ronchi A., Nicolis S., Santoro C., Ottolenghi S. RT Increased Sp1 binding mediates erythroid-specific overexpression of a RT mutated (HPFH) gamma-globulin promoter RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:10231-10241 (1989). RN [51]; RE0000101. RX MEDLINE; 89051877. RA Angel P., Hattori K., Smeal T., Karin M. RT The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/AP-1 RL Cell 55:875-885 (1988). RN [52]; RE0000121. RX MEDLINE; 89051878. RA Courey A. J., Tjian R. RT Analysis of Sp1 in vivo reveals multiple transcriptional domains, including RT a novel glutamine-rich activation motif RL Cell 55:887-898 (1988). RN [53]; RE0000380. RX MEDLINE; 89091123. RA Westin G., Schaffner W. RT A zinc-responsive factor interacts with a metal-regulated enhancer element RT (MRE) of the mouse metallothionein-I gene RL EMBO J. 7:3763-3770 (1988). RN [54]; RE0000817. RX MEDLINE; 88228059. RA Smith J. D., Melian A., Leff T., Breslow J. L. RT Expression of the Human Apolipoprotein E Gene is Regulated by Multiple RT Positive and Negative Elements RL J. Biol. Chem. 263:8300-8308 (1988). RN [55]; RE0000818. RX MEDLINE; 88330840. RA Paik Y.-K., Chang D. J., Reardon C. A., Walker M. D., Taxman E., Taylor J. RA M. RT Identification and Characterization of Transcriptional Regulatory Regions RT Associated with Expression of the Human Apolipoprotein E Gene RL J. Biol. Chem. 263:13340-13349 (1988). RN [56]; RE0001242. RX MEDLINE; 89039842. RA Johnson A. C., Jinno Y., Merlino G. T. RT Modulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Proto-Oncogene Transcription RT by a promoter Site Sensitive to S1 Nuclease RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4174-4184 (1988). RN [57]; RE0001953. RX MEDLINE; 88335604. RA Dush M. K., Briggs M. R., Royce M. E., Schaff D. A., Khan S. A., Tischfeld RA J. A., Stambrook P. J. RT Identification of DNA sequences required for mouse APRT gene expression RL Nucleic Acids Res. 16:8509-8524 (1988). RN [58]; RE0002025. RX MEDLINE; 88289333. RA Westin G., Schaffner W. RT Heavy metal ions in transcription factors from HeLa cells: Sp1, but not RT octamer transcription factor requires zinc for DNA binding and for RT activator functions RL Nucleic Acids Res. 16:5771-5781 (1988). RN [59]; RE0002324. RX MEDLINE; 88176887. RA Harrington M., Jones P. A., Imagawa M., Karin M. RT Cytosine methylation does not affect binding of transcription factor Sp1 RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:2066-2070 (1988). RN [60]; RE0000105. RX MEDLINE; 87301729. RA Mitchell P., Wang C., Tjian R. RT Positive and Negative Regulation of Transcription In Vitro: RT Enhancer-Binding Protein AP-2 Is Inhibited by SV40 T Antigen RL Cell 50:847-861 (1987). RN [61]; RE0000138. RX MEDLINE; 88080466. RA Kadonaga J. T., Carner K. R., Masiarz F. R., Tjian R. RT Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Sp1 and functional analysis RT of the DNA binding domain RL Cell 51:1079-1090 (1987). RN [62]; RE0000354. RX MEDLINE; 88111565. RA Garcia J. A., Wu F. K., Mitsuyasu R., Gaynor R. B. RT Interaction of cellular proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation RT of the human immunodeficiency virus RL EMBO J. 6:3761-3770 (1987). RN [63]; RE0001283. RX MEDLINE; 88065503. RA Greene J. M., Larin Z., Taylor I. C. A., Prentice H., Gwinn K. A., Kingston RA R. E. RT Multiple Basal Elements of a Human hsp70 Promoter Function Differently in RT Human and Rodent Cell Lines RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3646-3655 (1987). RN [64]; RE0001813. RX MEDLINE; 87115798. RA Lee W., Haslinger A., Karin M., Tjian R. RT Activation of transcription by two factors that bind promoter and enhancer RT sequences of the human metallothionein gene and SV40 RL Nature 325:368-372 (1987). RN [65]; RE0002028. RX MEDLINE; 87259982. RA Janson L., Bark C., Petterson U. RT Identification of proteins interacting with the enhancer of human U2 small RT nuclear RNA genes RL Nucleic Acids Res. 15:4997-5016 (1987). RN [66]; RE0001774. RX MEDLINE; 86118666. RA Dynan W. S., Sazer S., Tjian R., Schimke R. T. RT Transcription factor Sp1 recognizes a DNA sequence in the mouse RT dihydrofolate reductase promoter RL Nature 319:246-248 (1986). RN [67]; RE0002361. RX MEDLINE; 86205850. RA Das G. C., Piatigorsky J. RT The chicken delta1-crystallin gene promoter: binding of transcription RT factor(s) to the upstream G+C-rich region is necessary for promoter RT function invitro RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:3131-3135 (1986). RN [68]; RE0002606. RX MEDLINE; 86179897. RA Jones K. A., Kadonaga J. T., Luciw P. A., Tjian R. RT Activation of the AIDS retrovirus promoter by the cellular transcription RT factor, Sp1 RL Science 232:755-759 (1986). RN [69]; RE0002626. RX MEDLINE; 86235432. RA Ishii S., Kadonaga J. T., Tjian R., Brady J. N., Merlin G. T., Pastan I. RT Binding of the Sp1 Transcription Factor by the Human Harvey ras1 RT Proto-oncogene Promoter RL Science 232:1410-1413 (1986). RN [70]; RE0000126. RX MEDLINE; 85282613. RA Jones K. A., Yamamoto K. R., Tjian R. RT Two distinct transcription factors that bind to the HSV thymidine kinase RT promoter in vitro RL Cell 42:559-572 (1985). RN [71]; RE0001798. RX MEDLINE; 85296380. RA Jones K. A., Tjian R. RT Sp1 binds to promoter sequences and activates herpes simplex virus RT 'immediate-early' gene transcription in vitro RL Nature 317:179-182 (1985). RN [72]; RE0002349. RX MEDLINE; 85270437. RA Dynan W. S., Safer J. D., Lee W. S., Tjian R. RT Transcription factor Sp1 recognizes promoter sequences from the monkey RT genome that are similiar to the simian virus 40 promoter RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:4915-4919 (1985). RN [73]; RE0002628. RX MEDLINE; 86018849. RA Gidoni D., Kadonaga J. T., Barrera-Saldana H., Takahashi K., Chambon P., RA Tjian R. RT Bidirectional SV40 transcription mediated by tandem Sp1 binding interactions RL Science 230:511-517 (1985). RN [74]; RE0001823. RX MEDLINE; 85061571. RA Gidoni D., Dynan W. S., Tjian R. RT Multiple specific contacts between a mammalian transcription factor and its RT cognate promoters RL Nature 312:409-413 (1984). RN [75]; RE0000122. RX MEDLINE; 84026540. RA Dynan W. S., Tjian R. RT The Promoter-Specific transcription Factor Sp1 Binds to Upstream Sequences RT in the Sv40 Early Promoter RL Cell 35:79-87 (1983). XX
