Human Gene Set: NEMETH_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE_LPS_DN

For the Mouse gene set with the same name, see NEMETH_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE_LPS_DN

Standard name NEMETH_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE_LPS_DN
Systematic name M1452
Brief description Genes down-regulated in RAW 264.7 cells (macrophage) 3 hr after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Full description or abstract Adenosine is released into the extracellular space from nerve terminals and cells subjected to ischemic stress. This nucleoside modulates a plethora of cellular functions via occupancy of specific receptors. Adenosine is also an important endogenous regulator of macrophage function, because it suppresses the production of a number of proinflammatory cytokines by these cells. However, the mechanisms of this anti-inflammatory effect have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that adenosine may exert some of its anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), because gene expression of most of the proinflammatory cytokines inhibited by adenosine is dependent on NF-kappaB activation. Using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, we found that adenosine as well as adenosine receptor agonists decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a typical NF-kappaB-regulated cytokine. This effect of adenosine was not due to an action on the process of TNF-alpha release, because adenosine suppressed also the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha. However, cDNA microarray analysis revealed that mRNA levels of neither TNF-alpha nor other cytokines were altered by adenosine in either LPS-activated or quiescent macrophages. In addition, although LPS induced expression of a number of other, noncytokine genes, including the adenosine A2b receptor, adenosine did not affect the expression of these genes. Furthermore, adenosine as well as adenosine receptor agonists failed to decrease LPS-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding, NF-kappaB promoter activity, p65 nuclear translocation, and inhibitory kappaB degradation. Together, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine are independent of NF-kappaB.
Collection C2: Curated
      CGP: Chemical and Genetic Perturbations
Source publication Pubmed 12766259   Authors: Németh ZH,Leibovich SJ,Deitch EA,Vizi ES,Szabó C,Hasko G
Exact source Table 2: Control/LPS
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Source species Mus musculus
Contributed by Kevin Vogelsang (MSigDB Team)
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identifier namespace		 MOUSE_SEQ_ACCESSION
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Version history 3.1: First introduced

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