| Standard name |
BIOCARTA_PARKIN_PATHWAY |
| Systematic name |
M13917 |
| Brief description |
Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway |
| Full description or abstract |
The motor defects of Parkinson's disease are related to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in specific brain regions. Examination of these neurons in diseased tissue has revealed the presence of Lewy bodies, dense aggregates that include the protein alpha-synuclein. A genetic basis for most cases of Parkinson's disease has not yet been identified, but mutations in alpha-synuclein have been associated with at least one rare form of the disease, and mutations in another protein, the parkin gene, are associated with another inherited form of Parkinson's disease. Parkin is found in Lewy bodies along with alpha-synuclein and the parkin protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Parkin appears to work in conjuction with ubiquitin activating (Uba)1, an E1 protein and the ubiquitin-conjugating (Ubc) enzymes UbcH7 and 8. The E1 delivers ubiquitin to the E2 in a cycle that creates an increasing chain of ubiquitin. The Parkin E3 ligates this onto substrates and so tags these proteins in normal cells, targeting them for destruction in the proteosome. One of the proteins that parkin normally targets for destruction is a specific O-glycosylated form of alpha-synuclein. Failure of parkin-mediated degradation of alpha-synuclein may be a key factor leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. Another substrate of parkin is a GPCR-like protein called Pael-R that accumulates in the ER of affected cells and may cause neuronal cell death. The involvement of Parkin and alpha-synuclein mutations in genetic forms of Parkinson's suggest that failure of ubiquitination and protein degradation may be causative in other forms of Parkinson's. Questions remaining include the cause of the lack of effective ubiquitination in individuals lacking obvious genetic defects in this pathway and how to use this knowledge of ubiquitination and protein degradation in Parkinson's disease to identify therapeutic strategies. |
| Collection |
C2: curated gene sets CP: canonical pathways CP:BIOCARTA: BioCarta gene sets |
| Source publication |
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| Exact source |
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| Related gene sets |
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| External links |
http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/h_parkinPathway.asp http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/PathwayProteinList.asp?showPFID=217 |
| Organism |
Homo sapiens |
| Contributed by |
BioCarta |
| Source platform |
EntrezGeneIds |
| Dataset references |
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| Download gene set |
format: grp | text | gmt | gmx | xml |
Compute overlaps  |
C1: positional gene sets
C2: curated gene sets
CGP: chemical and genetic perturbations
CP: canonical pathways
CP:BIOCARTA: BioCarta gene sets
CP:KEGG: KEGG gene sets
CP:REACTOME: Reactome gene sets
C3: motif gene sets
MIR: microRNA targets
TFT: transcription factor targets
C4: computational gene sets
CGN: cancer gene neighborhoods
CM: cancer modules
C5: GO gene sets
BP: GO biological process
CC: GO cellular component
MF: GO molecular function
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Compendia expression profiles  |
Human tissue compendium (Novartis)
Global Cancer Map (Broad Institute)
NCI-60 cell lines (National Cancer Institute)
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| Advanced query |
Further investigate
these 12 genes |
Gene families  |
Categorize these
12 genes by gene family |
| Show members |
(show 13 members mapped to 12 genes)
Original Member |
Gene Symbol |
Gene Description |
Entrez Gene Id |
| 140739 |
UBE2F |
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2F (putative) |
140739 |
| 2861 |
GPR37 |
G protein-coupled receptor 37 (endothelin re... |
2861 |
| 5071 |
PARK2 |
Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juve... |
5071 |
| 5413 |
SEPT5 |
septin 5 |
5413 |
| 6622 |
SNCA |
synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloi... |
6622 |
| 7325 |
UBE2E2 |
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 2 (UBC4/5 h... |
7325 |
| 7326 |
UBE2G1 |
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G 1 (UBC7 hom... |
7326 |
| 7327 |
UBE2G2 |
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G 2 (UBC7 hom... |
7327 |
| 7332 |
UBE2L3 |
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 3 |
7332 |
| 7341 |
SUMO1 |
SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 1 (S. c... |
7341 |
| 9246 |
UBE2L6 |
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L 6 |
9246 |
| 93486 |
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| 9627 |
SNCAIP |
synuclein, alpha interacting protein (synphi... |
9627 |
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| Version history |
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