Gene Set: BIOCARTA_CHREBP2_PATHWAY

Standard name BIOCARTA_CHREBP2_PATHWAY
Systematic name M1940
Brief description Regulation And Function Of ChREBP in Liver
Full description or abstract Liver is the major site for carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis and glycogen synthesis) and triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis). While insulin was long thought to be the major regulator of hepatic gene expression, emerging evidence show that nutrients, in particular, glucose and fatty acids, are also able to regulate hepatic genes. This diagram illustrates how glucose metabolite, rather than glucose itself, contributes to the coordinated regulation of carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis in liver through phosphorylation-dependent regulation of ChREBP (carbohydrate responsive element binding protein). ChREBP is a basic helix-loop helix/leucine zipper (bHLH/LZ) transcription factor, shuttling between the cytoplasm and nucleus in a glucose-responsive manner in hepatocytes. When serum glucose is elevated, glucose transporter (GLUT2) and glucokinase (GCK) allow for rapid uptake and equilibration of intracellular glucose levels. This flux of glucose promotes, via the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway (HMP Shunt), the formation of xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu-5-P), which activates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) to dephosphorylate ChREBP (Ser196) and promote its nuclear localization. PP2A further dephosphorylates ChREBP in the nucleus, allowing it to dimerize with the bHLH/LZ transcription factor Max-like protein X (MLX) and activate transcription of a number of glycolytic and lipogenic genes containing a ChoRE, such as liver-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA), and fatty acid synthase (FASN). Upon starvation or high-fat feeding, intrahepatic levels of cAMP and AMP are elevated to activate protein kinase A (PKA) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), respectively. PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Thr666 and Ser626 inhibits the DNA binding capacity of ChREBP; so does AMPK-mediated modification of Ser568. PKA-dependent phosphorylation of Ser196 promotes interaction with 14-3-3 and thus sequesters ChREBP in the cytosol. In summary, the phosphorylated form of ChREBP is rendered inactive due to its diminished DNA binding capacity and subcellular compartmentalization. Glucose metabolism triggers dephosphorylation of ChREBP, allowing it to enter the nucleus and activate the transcription of both glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression in liver. The fact that ChREBP/ mice are intolerant to glucose and insulin resistant suggests that ChREBP may also play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Collection C2: curated gene sets
      CP: canonical pathways
            CP:BIOCARTA: BioCarta gene sets
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External links http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/h_Chrebp.2Pathway.asp
http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/PathwayProteinList.asp?showPFID=1402
Organism Homo sapiens
Contributed by BioCarta
Source platform EntrezGeneIds
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Compute overlaps C1: positional gene sets
C2: curated gene sets
      CGP: chemical and genetic perturbations
      CP: canonical pathways
            CP:BIOCARTA: BioCarta gene sets
            CP:KEGG: KEGG gene sets
            CP:REACTOME: Reactome gene sets
C3: motif gene sets
      MIR: microRNA targets
      TFT: transcription factor targets
C4: computational gene sets
      CGN: cancer gene neighborhoods
      CM: cancer modules
C5: GO gene sets
      BP: GO biological process
      CC: GO cellular component
      MF: GO molecular function
Compendia expression profiles Human tissue compendium (Novartis)
Global Cancer Map (Broad Institute)
NCI-60 cell lines (National Cancer Institute)
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