The human inner ear is surprisingly complex, controlled by a large variety of genes – most with unknown roles – that can influence hearing loss. To identify the genetic influences leading to hearing loss, Prof. Karen B. Avraham, of the Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry at Tel Aviv University, Israel is investigating the biological roles of a group of non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs). These RNA molecules are involved in turning off, or silencing, specific genes.